Line Manager Play Crucial Role in the Link Between HRM and Organisational Performance

According to CIDP definition, line managers are a manager who are responsible for an employee or work to a higher level of management. Generally, their management responsibilities would include people management, monitoring work process and etc (CIPD, 2010). Clearly, it generally be said that line managers are closest to employees and customers and occupy a key role in the general management job of managing people. Guest and Conway’s study (2004) showed that supervisory leadership was the strongest factor associated to organisation commitment. In other words the relationship between employees and FLMs is important in influencing the employee’s perspectives of the support received. Purcell et al (2007) suggest that the employee’s judgement of their FLM leadership behaviour was directed related, where positive, to higher levels of commitment and to better aspects of job experience. Indeed, Winkler said (ND) that if an employee feels supported by their line manager, they will feel engaged with and committed to their organisation. Consequently, this will improve attendance, reduce staff turnover and ensure that employees are willing to ‘go that extra mil’. Furthermore, in the UK WERS (1998) notes that in the handling of employee relations issues, line managers outnumber employee relations specialists at British workplace. MacNeil (2003) reveals that line managers may play a role in capturing employee’s tacit knowledge, which may be able to be transferred in to specific organisational competencies. For example, Lazenby’s research found that line manager behaviour has a significant impact on employee commitment, which has an impact on customer commitment, which has an impact on business performance (cited Purcell, 2003). In addition, some workers mention line incapability in HR as a significant and specific fact contributing to explaining why they left their old jobs (Taylor, 2002). From these perspectives, it is clear to say that line manager play a vital role in HR practices. However, in practice, there is a question arises as to which tasks they see as their priority and what effects the choices they make have in terms of HRM in general, and an employee well-being in particular. For example, they also get pressure on the productivity. Most importantly, they are normally in the lower layer of the management hierarchy and front managers are unlikely to have formal management education (CIDP, 2010). In other words, they seem to lack the capability to implement HR practices well. As they are given the responsibility for performance review, Latham et al (2007) claim that line manager’s training is seen as more important than choice of rating system. It is clear to say that line manager generally lack the knowledge of assessment method for employees, which may have strong impact on fair performance review. However, although there are some questions about the role of line mangers in the HRM, some studies are quite positive on such questions, and note the role of line in making HR strategies ‘come to life’ (Hutchinson and Purcell 2003, Purcell et al, 2003). Furthermore, in terms of HR line managers play as an important role on the implication of not only performance appraisal but also the process of learning and development. Purcell and Hutchinson (2007) believe that line manager’s leader behaviour is critical because their involvement in L&D leads to a wide range of benefits. For example, line manager in the best place to evaluate outcome of learning, both to the individual and the organisation (Wolff, 2007). Moreover, Line manager also be the part of induction training to support newcomer’s settlement. Liden et al (2004) argue that line managers also play a very important for role in socialising employees, not simply by ensuring that they understand the content of the job, but also in bringing them into organisation’s culture and social network in the organisation.

China’s Reform and Opening-Up Policy Essay

Deng Xiaoping in the eyes of all the Chinese people are very familiar with, because he proposed the reform and opening up policy, China has undergone enormous changes, China not only in the economic, political, cultural, social and other fields, various aspects have made great progress. I will divide my speech into three parts, the first part of the economy, the primary stage of socialism, the basic economic system has been established. Adjust and improve the ownership structure, changes in the ownership structure of public ownership as the main body, and a variety of forms of ownership develop the basic economic system. The reform of state-owned enterprises made ​significant progress. 30 years as the central link of the economic reform, the management system and operation mechanism reform of state-owned enterprises continued to deepen. Most of the restructuring of state-owned enterprises as diverse shareholders corporate enterprises, state-owned economy and structural adjustm ent progresses, greatly stimulate the vitality of enterprises, enhance the control and influence of the state-owned economy. The new macro-control system gradually perfected. Break the traditional highly centralized planning and management system, and gradually establish a macro-control system to adapt to the requirements of the socialist market economy, the transformation of government functions, planning, investment, finance and taxation, finance, foreign exchange, the price system reform has achieved significant progress in the formation of national planning and fiscal , monetary policy and the coordination of macro-control system. The second part, resource allocation, income distribution system is undergoing a fundamental change. Established distribution according to work is dominant and a variety of modes of distribution coexist distribution system, the establishment of the production factors of labor, capital, technology and management system of distribution according to contribution. Emphasis on the treatment of the relationship between the initial distribution and redistribution in the efficiency and fairness, give full play to the enthusiasm. The third part, social security, social security system of Chinese characteristics basically formed. Establishing and continuously improving the urban basic old-age insurance system, the formation of the urban and rural basic medical insurance system, and constantly improve the unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance system, generally establish minimum living security system for urban and rural residents, and gradually improve the social assistance system.

An essay on ecotourism

An essay on ecotourism Ecotourism Essay Ecotourism involves responsible traveling to fragile, pristine and mostly protected areas. This takes place for different purposes, from educating the traveler, fostering respect for different cultures to directly benefiting the economic and political empowerment of local communities (Garana, 2008). Ideally, ecotourism incorporates the following criteria; promote biological and cultural diversity, touring unspoiled natural habitats, and the main attractions being local culture, flora and fauna. In short, ecotourism operations are defined by their commitment to the environment, education, nature and culture. The main objectives of ecotourism are providing nature-based, environmental education experiences for visitors and managing this in a sustainable manner (Badan the sustainable use of ecological resources, increased environmental and cultural awareness, conservation ethos, support of local economies through increased revenue from visitors and the use of   local supplies and services.

Outside Influences on Management Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Outside Influences on Management Control - Essay Example Therefore, this project description will objectively describe the influence that external environment may have on management control (Horch). The influences will include debt crisis, Affordable Care Act, policy, economic conditions, changes in technology and demographics. These will be discussed against their effects on management functions such as planning, performance knowledge and budget. Effects of Policy on Planning To start with, policy is well understood as a principle that guides decisions and achieves rational outcomes in an organization. It serves as a statement of intent and is implemented as a procedure. Policies are usually formulated by senior officials within an organization to assist senior management in the decision making process (Sr and Swanson). In this respect, policies help in identification of certain programmes within an organization thereby promoting prudent spending priorities. This further helps in choosing among alternatives that are available and the impact that they may have on planning. Consequently, the intended effects of a policy on planning depend on government of a particular nation. For instance, the government may make a decision to increase the tax and this may prompt an organization to make changes in the planning process to cater for such a change. This helps to lessen the chances that the organization will face hardships and unexpected consequences.

Long paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Long paper - Essay Example tific realism provides a cause effect relationship that helps to substantiate their way of reasoning, hence providing an efficient way of explaining physical phenomena. From a critical point of view, scientific modeling and existence of different experimental approaches provides cohesive formulas that can explain scientific phenomena. As a result, scientific theories have found their way in defining different situations that no other school of thoughts can explain. Therefore, the logical nature of scientific realism has made it more applicable in defining scientific phenomena in the contemporary world. The argument is that modeling and experimentation makes scientific realism a compelling approach despite the existence of false assumptions in development of scientific theories. Scientific realism is one of the traditional schools of thought that seek to explain the truth about complex phenomena of the world. The main tenet of scientific realism is that scientific theories, in a great way, provide factual and truthful information on the nature of the world. Notably, scientific theories have provided reliable explanation on complex phenomena from the way atoms behave to the way they the different elements of the world behave. Scientists have engaged in a wide range of activities including observation, experimentation and modeling to explain the nature of the world. History has defined the variation of theories and progressive scientific innovation. Recently, there has been an upsurge of criticism of the scientific approach as many authors’ expose different sides of the same coin (Boyd 54). While a number feel that these theories are reliable in explaining different situations, others view them as inferior and subject to manipulation. The opponents of these ideas state that scientific realism is subject to manipulation and that it fails to stand the test of time. The fact science leaves room for theoretical expansion has been exploited as a weakness of this idea of

Social work research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Social work research - Essay Example Early diagnosis and interference in toddlers with learning disorders makes a considerable development in self-confidence and communal capability, which facilitates them in opening doors of chances in school and in the field of work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perin (1990) has shown in his work that the students with learning disabilities have above average or high intellectual capability. If they are provided with suitable support and instructions, then they can succeed in college academic programs. The community care has been provided to the students with learning disabilities in New York. The faculties of City University of New York (CUNY) and State University of New York (SUNY) have emphasized on the need of the students with learning disabilities (Perin, 1990, p. 2). Adams, Dominelli and Payne (1998) have debated that the communal worker’s main concern is ensuring that the public can handle or deal sufficiently with their lives. Under this approach, the community workers do not approve a theraupetic-helping role. Their involvements are much more practical –generally passing on information about sources and potentials (Adams, Dominelli and Payne, 1998, p. 4). The stress on effects in the present competency –based strategies to social work is reliable to an ethical point of view that ignores procedures. The practitioners essentially want to avoid this position that follows the anti-oppressive strategies (Adams, Dominelli and Payne, 1998, p. 8). Humphries (2000) portrayed that in a social model, disabilities arise from society’s breakdown to meet the obligations of the disabled individuals. It has been debated that conventional positivist and empirical research examples are repressive and alienating to loads of research subjects. It often deprives people and not leads to any development to their material situations (Humphries, 2000, p. 110). Lowes and Hulatt

Business Studies LocationBreakeven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Studies LocationBreakeven - Essay Example Also inventory would not need to be stored thus stock holding costs would also be reduced. (Unit 88) Having the suppliers close by is important, having the customers nearby also matters. The business revenue directly depends on the location which is easily accessible to the customer. Also it should be at such a place where the flow of customers is high or the population density is high so that the business product is exposed to the customers as much as it can. The transport network plays a vital role in selecting a location. The raw materials need to come via a transport route. The customers have to visit the storefront and purchase the product. Therefore the road network in the immediate vicinity needs to be good. Furthermore the location should be at such a place where train/ship/plane network is close by so that connectivity to local and international business centres is maintained. (Business Review, 2003) The actual piece of land selected for locating the business needs to be seen from the cost point of view as well. There should be room for future expansion. For customer storefronts, spacious land with space for car parking is sometimes required. The geological stability of the land area also needs to be considered as well as the knowledge of high seismic activity zones near the area. The use of Greenfield and Brownfield sites are being increasingly used in the UK. (Unit 88) Labour For a new business finding an area where skilled labour is available is also one of the factors to be considered since the skills required for the job are not always available in the locality. For an existing business moving to another location has the problem of persuading the existing employees to start coming to the new facility. They might have to relocate their homes, or change their office hours due to traffic etc. which might cause inconvenience. (Business Review, 2003) Government Influence The government of some counties may give incentives, like low priced land, to businesses to locate in some areas. The government may want to keep industries only in industrial areas and give incentives such as subsidized land and labour rates etc. (Unit 88) Image Most storefronts bank on the type of area where they are located. For a branded store, having an outlet in the posh area of the city makes sense. Thus a business wanting to create an impression and keep its status high in order to charge premium prices from the customers would need to locate in expensive localities. (Business Review, 2003) Hassle of Relocation When the business moves to a different area, a certain bit of disruption is caused to the business activities. The suppliers may not want to come to the new location. The employees would have to change their routine or even relocate themselves. The

Music Censorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Music Censorship - Essay Example There are two sides on this issue, there those supporting and others opposing music censorship. At this point, the main question that lingers in many is what action transcends from the consumer matter to the censorship matter. A study carried out by Rabkin (2002) indicates that, censorship plays a fundamental role to the American government. One of the issues involving music censorship is at what age is appropriate for children to listen and watch music that is profanity. Following this, this paper affirm that parents and governments should not desist their children from listening to music, because as they do that, they deny them from grasping what’s happening in the society. It is worth noting that, music may serve as a purpose of motivation, or be used for moral, military, religious, or political reasons. These ideas may augment critical thinking and encouragement to many who are wounded by life experiences and encourage those desiring to achieve their dreams. It may express aspirations and hopes thus, promote a desirable society. Music is free expression of thoughts and ideas thus no one should be stopped from expressing his or her thoughts. Countries like China, Sudan, and Afghanistan comprehend the need of breach of musician’s rights to the freedom of expression in music (Szurek, 2008). However, other countries like Algeria and USA keep off popular music in the concert stage and out of the retail and media. In ex-Yugoslavia, musicians encounter challenges as their freedom of free expression has much been affected (Dahir, 1995). Many nations fail to regard music as the therapy to life and instead see it as vulgarity and cursing. However, this is not the case in most cases as some songs are just ridiculous and funny and they create a platform to understand how the world is. Those in support of music censorship believe that children are not mature people to listen and watch music with profanity.

Social Anxiety Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Anxiety Disorder - Essay Example C. Lack of social experience or skills in certain social situations may worsen the fear and anxiety of being mortified or embarrassed in the presence of others - the anxiety stemming from the feeling that they will embarrass or humiliate themselves (Antony & Swinson, 2008). D. Thesis Statement: Social anxiety disorder does not let individuals to function normally in society; others have less obvious symptoms of the disorder, and it can be even so well-hidden that they do not realize having it, but still the anxiety disorder interferes with their normal coexistence with other people (Nardi, 2003). C. Psychotherapy: Involves talking to a trained therapist. Psychotherapy allows the person with anxiety disorder to look deeper into their worries and problems and sort out troublesome habits (Zimbardo, 2001). A. Social anxiety disorder does not let individuals to function normally; others have less obvious symptoms of the disorder, and it can be so well-hidden that they do not realize having it, but still the disorder interferes with their normal coexistence with

Bilingual Education in Turkey Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Bilingual Education in Turkey - Research Paper Example This report highlights that there are programs of bilingual education undertaken in turkey and the possible ways that can be used to teach English in a more efficient way. Finally, the problems experienced in teaching and acquisition of English language in turkey and especially the minority communities, Kurdish and Armenian and the possible solutions that can be adopted in attempt to solve the problem of acquisition and teaching of English language.As the discussion stresses  the geography of turkey is feasible, the climate is warm hence very conducive for human life and is very rich in natural resources, and thus it attracted people from different areas. There are different languages that the researchers have used over time; this gives the evidence of turkey as a bilingual state. The nationality of turkey has undergone changes over time resulting from the change of its nature and constituency. Turkey has been concentrating on issues concern the building of its nation since the twe ntieth century but currently it has undergone several changes into a state power despite the social problems it undergoes. The citizens of Turkey were disappointed by the hegemonic system of government where their hopes very high, consequently, the government failed.  The military coup that took place in 1960 showed the failure of this system of government which was later followed by several interventions of the military.

Hacker Essay Example for Free

Hacker Essay The advancement of information technology spans a lot of areas of our lives. Information technology has made a huge difference in industry, agriculture and services. This in turn boosts up the productivity of the society. However, the development of computer technology also leads to many security problems in our modern society. There has emerged a group of computer savvy people who seeks and exploits weaknesses in a computer system or computer network. Their motivation has put many questions on debating table. On the one hand, many people contend that a hacker is a dangerous person who will probably destroy the whole world’s computer system. On the other hand, others argue that hackers are not dangerous and not causing harm. This essay will discuss the two sides of the coin with regard to hackers with relevant examples. First of all, the definition of hacking and hackers need to be clearly understood so as to have an insight into hacking. Hacking can be defined as any kind of computer crimes. Pirating is the most popular form of hacking, which relates to the stealing information from written software programmes. In the computer security context, hackers are people who try to find the weaknesses of the computer network and exploit the information from software. Hackers may be encouraged by a variety of reasons, for instance profits, protests, or challenges. Hackers can be categorised into the three types, which are black hats, grey hats, and white hats. Black hat group or cracker is expertise in carrying out the harmful to the computer system. A grey hat is a hacking group that will not violate the law and help the government to defend the system. However, grey hat will apply the same methods to revert to black hat approaches. The white hat hacker has their own abilities and professional computing skills to protect the malicious threads and they can work for the government as security consultant or security analyst(Tim,2004). It is a common view that hackers are a threat to individual users, business and society as a whole. Hackers usually look for the bankcard details through breaking into the baking computer systems. With the information about customers of the banks, they can steal a huge amount of money, which cause a financial crisis to individuals. At the organizational level, regarding information of the organization such as research business plan or even financial reports is always involves with hacking. Digital database of the customer is also one of the target of hackers, with hackers stealing names , addresses, emails and financial data from organizations. Such a loss of data to a samall business may cost a competitive edge or the complete loss of a customer base, effectively ruining the organization. On the other hand, a business that involve in computer hacking may gain the benefits of data providing the competitive edge and access to the new customer bases through hacking. Personal or political data gained through computer hacking could serve as leverage in business or political dealings(Markoff, 2005). At the society level, apart from financial damage which is similar to individuals, hackers may hack into the national infrastructure system or business system then can control the electrical power plants, transportation, gas, and oil which called the threats of cyber terrorism(Moore, 2005). Moreover, for the military purpose if hacker could access to the system they can track the military movement or even know the exact position where the military camps are set. Compared with other terrorist methods, cyber terrorism needs only few personal and few inputs to achieve their intentions and does have to be physically attacked(Eric, 2012). Cyber terrorists can actually operate their mission from a distance to create damage from a distance and the security agents cannot find them because they change IP address to hide their address and finally it becomes the most challenge issue for the government agents to indentify and capture them(Eric,2012). However there are some positive consequences that hackers bring to the safer security environment of the organization. It is thought that hackers are not always a harmful to the society but have significant role to protect the society from attackers. Over the years computer-related crimes have become more sophisticated. New network security is become more important about defending and documenting defenses. People are finding out about firewalls and putting them up and also find out about VPN server security and actually instantiate VPN servers. It is normally not about modeling an attack the method an attacker would. Those are very different things. With a view to enhancing the network security, some popular practices have been applied. or example, ethical hacking is looking for the weakness in the network system under operations, portfolioing these loopholes and finding the solutions to compensate those weakness by reinforcing some features of the system to prevent likely attacks from computer crimminals( Tim ed al. , 2004). Hacking is also widely being used to rectify data security issues for busin esses. Certain types of hackers such as Grey hat works with businesses to strengthen the security system by assisting the company whereby seeking out the weaknesses of the system. For instance, Gregory Evans who ever caught because of criminal hacking, is now working for the US government as a security consultant(Markoff, 2005). Furthermore, Brand innovation has included one of the advantages of hacking. Hacking can be employed to increase the revenue of the company by using of acknowledgement of hackers to create some new ideas and destruct the old products. In order to implement this, hackers must have to go through the system and change the brand’s code(Tim, 2004). In conclusion, it is a bias- based opinion that people can conclude when looking just only at the downside of the hacking. However, there are some good perspectives of hacking. I personally believe that hackers are not always causing harm, but help the security system to protect the system from other hackers. All things considered, hackers, together with hacking, are not always dangerous. They could act as a driving force for all the computer programmers to unstoppingly correct all the weaknesses in the system and discover new and more effective software.

The Role Of Electronic Communication Essay Example for Free

The Role Of Electronic Communication Essay Introduction Advertising, IMC and mass communication are some of the proven methods for achieving maximum results for demonstrating a product for sale. Whether it is movies, FMCGs, industrial electronics or automobiles. General Motors, Procter Gamble and AOL spend $2 billion dollar on advertising. McDonald’s spends $1.3 billion per year on advertising. Warner Brothers, Walt Disney and MGM also spend billions of dollars for advertising of cartoons and movies.  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a survey of marketing professionals, it was identified that, media advertising (26 per cent) public relations (25 percent) product placement (13 per cent) opined that these are the worst tools of providing return on investment. Consequent to these opinions, there emerged Integrated brand promotion (IBP) which includes direct marketing, sales promotions and coupons are some of the tools which maximize return on investment.   In spite of all these facts, advertising still continues to be dominant by spending billions of dollars in the media which draws an acceptable fact that advertising is influencing which IBP cannot do for deriving ROI.   â€Å"Integrated Management Communication (IMC) is a process of using promotional tools in a unified way so that a synergistic communication effect is created â€Å" (Thomas C.O,Guinn, p.38) Whereas practice of advertising ethics in the words of Chris moore, Ogilvy and Mather      â€Å"80% of American companies have a written code of ethics and probably 100% of you do too, if you gave it some thought and wrote it down. Ethics happen, or don’t in our relationships with others. Advertisers are in the business of communicating with thousands, even millions of others’ all the time. That gives us thousands or millions of chances to practice what we believe everyday. And try to get it right.† Research question People continue to use television, mobiles, radio, internet, magazines and   newspapers for both domestic and work purposes which gives a clear indication that advertising and communication have speed up the activities of business whether it is in mobiles, electronics or automobiles or FMCGs. H.J.Heinz Company which manufactures green chilli sauce, red chilli sauce, paprika   and   soya sauce has designed its own guidelines for consumer education, public relations, marketing communications and advertising. The company has also its own set of general principles in terms of advertising and communication.  Ã‚   In Darden school of business, there is a team of seven professionals who possess vast experience in communications and marketing.   The impart of education has passed several stages reaching the acme of perfection and innovation. With the above discussion, it cannot be concluded that tech-savvy days have made the role of advertising and communications saturated.   There is still scope for research whereas one definite research question that arises in the minds of companies which is that media that catches the eye of consumer in advertising that sells products faster,   quicker and helps in better target achievement ?. With the availability of world wide web,   advertising, marketing and   selling have become much easier for companies. Another advantage is Internet advertising is proving cost effective for companies as it is tapping millions of customers who are shopping online. Virtualflowers.com sells flowers, gift articles   online and   delivers   the articles and flowers on time all over the world.  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are such other multinational companies such as Microsoft, Dell,   Intel and HP who with the advantage of Internet advertising and marketing have made business a great success by supplying computers, accessories and printers. Research question and explanation    Which is that media that catches the eye of consumer in advertising that sells products faster,   quicker and helps in better target achievement ?. Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) has gained excessive prominence as a new paradigm which states some of the facts that television is no longer holds good view for marketing whereas database is considered as powerful tool for marketing.   Old concepts, strategies and single selling messages   are considered to be invalid by companies with the changing tech-savvy times.   Some of the important tools of IMC are direct marketing, event sponsorship, sales promotions, Internet and   public relations.   Every business needs an idea to advertise and market its product. There is required to be a perfect connection or link of communication between a customer and a company using advertising and marketing as an effective tool to convey a message to purchase products while signifying   importance of products along with use and benefits through advertising and marketing. Finelight.com is one professional company which helps to connects customers and products through the medium of powerful communication. Finelight has a bunch of advertisers, marketers, writers, designers, innovators with professional approach in communication.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The present buzz of IMC will continue as emphasis is laid on outgoing message in communication. Multinational companies by far have been very successful by implementing IMC as it covers the entire stratum of models of marketing. viz., (1) customer database (2) strategies (3) tactics or techniques (4) evaluation of results (5) completion of loop begin # 1 again.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alternatively, 4P vs 4Cs   (1) Not product care for consumer (2) Not price, care for cost (3) Not place care for convenience (4) Not promotion care for communication. Discussion on theoretical framework   Information in technology times is immeasurably valuable and customer looks for information in every source and how to utilize and derive benefits in every sphere and stage of life. A heavy and reliable source of information is World Wide Web wherein bundles and scrolls of latest information is available for the benefit of customers. Whereas customer should be able to distinguish between a fake news and an acceptable facts of information. Bluenile.com sells diamonds and pearls online at a reasonable price and ships all over the world.   The company sends product news to its customers in order to take advantage of discount offers and also to entertain customers about its products.   Such email news provided to the customers is of great benefit and customers do not like to shop elsewhere as the customer service is perfect with bluenile.com.  Ã‚   The emphasis here is about the importance of   information and the respect that a customer receives from the company. Whereas there is every possibility for information that gets outdated within no time and information processing is very important for companies in order to keep the customers   updated about products.   World Wide Web entails global competition, quick communication and a constant thrive to stay ahead holding a distinct views and   facts not perceptions about marketing. Fleetboss is a leading developer and distributor of GPS-based fleet management systems. The company has been committed to excellent customer relations and marketing so much that a director has been exclusively appointed for marketing communications which includes media, dealers apart from internal and external communications.   Also directors develops advertising and sales promotions with vast professional experience. Methods    Understanding about customer mindset is the key for effective communication whether it is through Internet, direct selling or magazines, newspapers or mobile marketing. Consumers discard the information that is not important or useful on a day basis. Therefore marketing message must be selected, processed and tested on the following basis: Must be enabled of life experience that can be easily understood and receive the message and concept of communication. e.g. advertisements of deodorants (Axe), Garnier wrinkle lift and Cadbury chocolates. Customer must be related to the idea that is categorized. .e.g. Crack cream that is   useful for women for cracked heels or pain relief external applications for body pains. . Customer must get linked immediately to the communication that is already created in mindset. e.g. Ddamas gold and jewellery advertisement leaves an impact on the customer to search for and buy online. The presentation of message must be acceptable, justifiable and must convey appropriate message. Improper messages are bound to be ignored by the customer which is called as â€Å"judgment system†Ã‚   which means that consumers accept or discard information against what already has been judged to accept, adapt or reject the new material. Rejection of communication proves that sales promotion has been a failure. A marketer who presents non-integrated messages   have to ready to accept risks as the conflicts are bound to arise in the consumer’s information processing. Paypal.com uses mobile communication to send or receive payments from the customers which is directly helpful to customer saving time and easy to get access. No two customer’s taste or choice of purchase is similar with the fact if one customer purchases red roses on line, the other purchases cala lilly flowers. If one customer asks for AMEX card, the other applies for Mastercard.   Especially online identification of customers requires extra care, expert knowledge of human psychology and marketing communication techniques such that the words used on web should be influencing and effective to drive a customer to purchase when visiting web sites for products. Ebay is a globally successful company which is recording sales turnover increasingly as buyers are sellers are enabled to purchase goods online through the medium of auction and brand new sale of goods. World wide web enables electronic payment system, safe delivery of goods and security and encryption of credit cards and debit cards. Business directories, pop-up ads, banner advertisements on web sites, classified ads, search engines such as google, yahoo, overture, sify, rediffmail have been extensively useful in finding products of sale through which these companies have grown to a giant size in a span of less than a decade and still going strong with the growing customer base and innovative selling concepts still pending for testing. Amazon.com and BarnesNobles have a success story in sale of books where latest books are accessed by buyers and purchased. Access to libraries also is a source of cognitive and rationale thinking.  Ã‚   Marketing of products can be communicated through several means via the medium of Internet which is a powerful means of communication as millions are logging to Internet all over the world making www most affordable for online purchases of goods and materials. Literature review    World link Technologies is a broadband solution provider in the city of New York, serving medium and small sized business market providing high-speed data solutions. The company is based on a new business model   (ASPs) focusing only on customer’s needs.   In this world of ever changing of business and commerce, strategies of planning for marketing communication are always under recycling process for renewal of ideas in new millennium. According to an estimate an average American is exposed to 3,000 marketing messages daily via the medium of television, radio, billboard ads, logos on clothes and Internet banners. (Johnson 2001) . Consumer distrust also has increased with the scandals of WorldCom, Arthur Anderson and Enron which were highly reputed until investors were informed about the unethical marketing practices.  Ã‚   This has caused a great attention and a matter of severe concern for multinational companies to practice ethical marketing plans for greater attention of consumers. Emotional selling messages such as ‘soft-sell-approach’ instead of ‘hard-sell’ have been accepted.   PG Web Marketing 2001 launched a ‘seeding approach’ for marketing teeth-whitening product.   This approach considered by experts as a holy grail in twenty-first century marketing communication. ‘We live in interesting times’ – Maurice Levy and Dan O’Donoghue   and these interesting times must be turned to the advantage and benefit of companies as well customers and must not mis-utilised with an acceptable fact that technology, psychology of marketing must sell concepts and products instead of creating scams and scandals. Conclusion    Marketers who are taking the advantage of World Wide Web to market products must take social environments, changing business times and the psychology of a customer.   Consumers always change interests, ideas and choice of purchases. These must be considered coupled with holistic approach in marketing communication.  Ã‚   Internet has carved and shaped several successful multinationals through the medium of marketing communication and this will certainly witness a rapid progress apart from creating employment, selling and buying opportunities, commencement of SMEs   whereas a particular unique business models and marketing communication strategies must be worked out in order to become success on world wide web. References    Books Allen J. (2005) Marketing Communication: New approaches, Technologies,and styles Accessed 1 May 2007 Thomas C.O’Guinn, Christ T.Allen, Richard (2005) Advertising and integrated brand promotion Accessed on 1 May 2007 H.J.Heinz Company Worldwide guidelines Consumer education, Public relations, Marketing communications and Advertising Accessed 1 May 2007 http://www.heinz.com/Communications_guidelines.aspx Fleetboss appoints New Marketing Communications Director following a great success in 2003. Accessed 1 May 207    http://www.fleetboss.com/releases.asp?RELEASE_ID=31 Integrated Marketing Communication    Accessed 1 May 2007    http://www.entarga.com/mktgplan/imc.htm New Business model for ASPs – Marketing communication    Accessed 1 May 2007    http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CMN/is_4_37/ai_62051114    Office of communication and marketing    Accessed 1 May2007    http://www.darden.virginia.edu/html/standard.aspx?menu_id=182id=4524

User authentication

User authentication Introduction I was appointed as the new Network Manager for Philadelphia Inc. It is a large multinational organisation which has an extensive network of PCs comprising more than 1000 systems. This organisation relies heavily on its vast network for its day to day operation. Any potential risks need to be identified and minimised as far as possible. Recently a large number of PCs were affected by a virus, causing a work stoppage among the administration and accounting department. Following this incident of large scale virus infection, the company management has decided to completely review all the computer security precautions and procedures in use within the organisation. So, I have been designed to ensure that I can identify potential threats to the security of the organisation’s network and formulate appropriate action plans and security policies to minimise the risks. Research and document the various aspects of network security that need to be addressed including each of the following topics: Access control User authentication Firewalls Virus protection Accessing the Internet (15 Marks) I’m research and document the various aspects of network security that need to be addressed. Access control Access control is the methods for imposing controls that allow or deny user access to network resources, usually based on a user’s account or a group to which the user belongs. Access control is security features that determine which resources users are permitted to access, what type of access they are allowed, and how many simultaneous users can access a resource at the same time. They ensure data privacy and protection and help maintain a productive computing environment. User authentication User authentication is a security feature that allows an administrator to control who has access to the network and what users can do after they are logged on to the network. This might involve confirming the identity of a person, the origins of an object, or assuring that a computer program is a trusted one. Authentication is the process of determining the identity of a network user by verifying a set of user credentials, typically a user ID and password. Firewalls A firewall is a combination of hardware and software components that provide a protective barrier between networks with different security levels. Rules for transmitting and receiving information to and from the other network can be established for the firewall so that specific types of items or addresses are not allowed to pass between the networks. It sits between the computer and the rest of the network, and according to some criteria, it decides which communication to allow, and which communication to block. Firewalls protect a computer or network from unauthorised access and attacks designed to cripple network or computer performance. Moreover, it is also a device or set of devices configured to permit, deny, encrypt, decrypt, or proxy all computer traffic between different security domains based upon a set of rules and other criteria. Virus protection Virus protection means securing data from viruses that is designed to destroy data or make the computer or network operate inefficiently. Computer viruses are the programs that must be triggered or executed before they can infect the computer system and spread to others. Viruses can then be spread by sharing infected files on a network drive, portable drive, or other media, by exchanging infected files over the internet via e-mail attachments, or by downloading debatable files from the internet. Accessing the internet Accessing the internet is the telephone communication system that also covers the world linking telephones together. As with the telephone system, each device attached to the network can be reached through a unique code that represents that device’s location. The telephone system access and services are supplied to phone users by an array of competing local, long-distance, and wireless telephone companies, access to the internet is also supplied through a number of access and hosting companies using an array of different connectivity methods. A user in your company calls to report that she’s unable to log on to email. You respond with a couple of quick questions. Because you know that no one else is using the network right now, you cannot determine if the problem is unique to her machine or if the problem affects the entire network. Probing further, you also learn that she’s unable to print. You decide this problem is probably easier to troubleshoot from the user’s computer. Using the structured troubleshooting method, outline the things you must check and the questions you must ask when you arrive at the user’s office. Based on the possible responses to your questions, describe the actions you will take to correct the potential causes. (10 Marks) One of the users in our company reports me that she’s unable to log on to her email account. So, I asked her some questions- How long the duration of your user account? Do you sure the log on user name and password is correct. When it starts to unable to log on to your email? After I arrive at the user department, I check her computer and network. I also learn that she’s unable to print to a network printer. Probing some of the check, other users of this department can able to log on to their email account and can able to print. Therefore, I ask her a couple of quick questions again- What has changed since the last time you worked? Have you installed anything on your own? Are there applications on your computer that arent on other computers? Firstly, I check the power is plugged in, the Caps lock is on, all the cables are attached and network permissions for her computer. Then I check that she can get a connection online or not by browsing Google website and I see there is no connection online. So, I check the Ethernet cable and connection setting. In checking her problem, I document that what I do, so I can undo it if I need to. I use Ping to check the computer can contact an IP address of another PC or not. (Ping is the simplest and most useful diagnostic tool to become familiar with and well worth a few minutes experimentation.) The reply message is â€Å"Request timed out†. It is because of the connection or routing error. Then I restart the computer because 90% of all problems disappear when the computer is restart. To check the router, I Ping the local router, and it fails. So, the problem of the local LAN or the router is sure. Then, I find the router and switch to check the LED display. And I think they ar e not normal, so I switch the unit OFF, remove and immediately replace the power connection, then switch the unit ON. After it has done, I go back to the computer and retry to Ping the local router. I have successfully sent a message to the local router and receive a response. Then, I check the computer can get a connection online or not, and can able to browse the website or not. Then I see the computer successfully get a connection online. So, I check the email account can be able to log on or not and the printer can be able to print or not. Then I see the problems of the user are successfully solved. Task 3 Produce a Security Review report, which details the specific threats to network security for ALL of the topics identified in Task 1, namely Access Control, User Authentication, Firewalls, Virus Protection, and Accessing the Internet, along with your proposed solutions aimed at reducing the risks associated with each threat. (35 Marks) Access Control Access control can identify the users, and verify their identity through an authentication process so they can be held responsible for their actions. Good access control systems record and timestamp all communications and transactions so that access to systems and information can be audited later. The primary objective of access control is to preserve and protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information, systems, and resources. I use role-based access control and rule-based access control to identify the user. Role-based access control systems allow users to access systems and information based on their role within the organisation. It allows end-users access to information and resources based on their role within the organisation. Roles based access can be applied to groups of people or individuals. Rule-based access control systems allow users to access systems and information based on pre-determined and configured rules. Rules can be established that allow access to all end-users coming from a particular domain, host, network, or IP addresses. User Authentication User authentication is an important aspect of network computer security. For network computer, harm can be caused by hacking, malicious messages, viruses, malwares, adwares, email attachments, downloading illegal materials and many other types of activity. Moreover, the secret information of the company can be stolen by the attacker using spywares and Trojan horses. User authentication will reduce this harm by limiting individual’s access to a few systems, rather than the whole Internet. Network operating systems include tools that enable administrators to specify a number of options and restrictions on how and when users can log on to the network. There are options for password complexity requirements, logon hours, logon locations, and remote logons, among others. After a user is logged on, file system access controls and user permission settings determine what a user can access on a network and what actions a user can perform on the network. So I specify the numbers of options and policies for user authentication. I specify that the password is required for all users of the company, to use the company’s computer. The user password length must be typically a minimum of five to eight characters and user passwords must have three of these four characteristics: lowercase letters (such as abc), uppercase letters (such as ABC), numbers (such as 123), and special characters (such as [emailprotected]#). And I specify the policy that can lock the user account to prevent from logging on, when a user enters an incorrect password five times. According to the user account and password, I control which user can access to the network and what he/she can do on the network. Firewalls Firewalls protect against outside attempts to access unauthorized resources, and they protect against malicious network packets intended to disable or cripple a corporate network and its resources. Second use of firewalls placed between the internet and the corporate network is to restrict corporate user access to internet resources. Firewalls can identify and block remote access Trojans (Trojan horse). Trojan horse is a program that purports to be a useful software tool, but it actually performs unintended (and often unauthorized) actions or installs malicious or damaging software behind the scenes when launched. Sometimes get some program via ICQ or via IRC and believe this program to be something good, while in fact running it will do something less nice to the computer. Such program is called Trojan horses. The difference of a Trojan and a virus is that a virus has the ability to self-replicate and to distribute itself, while a Trojan lacks this ability. A special type of Trojan is Remote Access Trojans (RAT). These Trojans once executed in the victim’s computer, start to listen to incoming communication from a remote matching program that the attacker uses. When they get instructions from the remote program, they act accordingly, and thus let the user of the remote program to execute commands on the v ictim’s computer. Firewalls can identify and block remote communication efforts to the more common RAT and by thus blocking the attacker, and identifying the RAT. There are many other types of Trojan horses which may try to communicate with the outside from the computer. Whether they are e-mail worms trying to distribute themselves using their own SMTP engine, or they might be password stealers, or anything else. Many of them can be identified and blocked by a firewall. So, I run the firewall on the server and all the desktop computers to protect Trojans, malware, and to prevent users from accessing offensive Websites or bandwidth-intensive content that might not be the best use of an employee’s time or the network’s bandwidth. Firewall devices from different vendors vary quite a bit in configuration details, but they are all based on one premise: Rules are created to determine what type of traffic is allowed to enter and exit the network. To configure a firewall, I build rules that allow only certain packets to enter or exit the network. The firewall can examine all incoming packets and discard packets with a destination address of the network’s restricted segment. Virus Protection In internet-connected networks, virus attacks are a regular threat. Users download programs, bring disks from home, memory sticks, and open e-mail attachments are normal computing activities, but they can also bring viruses into the network. A virus is a program that spreads by copying itself into other programs or documents. Computer virus can attack computer systems and perform a variety of functions ranging from annoying to dangerous. Its individual purpose is to disrupt computer or network operation by deleting or corrupting files, formatting disks, or using large amounts of computer resources. If a server file accessed by other users on the network is infected, the virus can spread through the network in a matter of seconds. To protect the spread of viruses, one of the most effective ways is to buy virus-protection software from a reputable source. Antivirus software is program that can scan and remove known viruses which have contracted. Most antivirus software is also designed to detect and prevent worms and viruses. The software can also be set to automatically scan disks when inserted into the disk drive, scan files when downloaded from the Internet, or scan e-mail when received. However antivirus software is available in many commercial and open source versions, the license-version of the antivirus software from reputable source is more secure and reliable than others. So, I run the standard antivirus software from reputable source in server and every desktop computer, and turn-on the scanning features. But by running antivirus software can only protect against viruses that it knows about. Therefore, virus definition files (update files) for antivirus software are needed to download from the internet daily or weekly. To get the maximum protection against viruses on the computer, make sure to keep antivirus definition files current. Another way to protect the data from virus infection is â€Å"backup the files† which helps to recover the data if the original files infected by the virus. Accessing the Internet The internet access is the essential thing to communicate between internal or external organisation for many purposes. Thousands of companies have discovered the pervasive power of the Web in distributing information, selling products, supporting customer service, and staying in touch with clients and customers. By using the internet, we can get important business information which is necessary for competition and improvement of the company. However the internet is useful for us, but also the internet attack can harm the business. The internet attacks are organised and designed to steal information and resources from the customers and the organisation. Input validation attacks using the Common Gateway Interface (CGI), Active Server Pages (ASP), and Cold Fusion Markup Language (CFML) programs stem from either a web developer or vendor failure. The basic problem happens from the lack of sanitizing the input to a particular script. Without input validation and sanitizing, it is possible for attackers to submit a particular character, along with a local command, as a parameter and have the web server execute it locally. Sometimes, the virtual website of the attackers steals user information and user’s credit card details. If all kinds user can get permission to access the network, the private information of the organisation can be stolen by the attacker using the internet. So that I control the user access to the network resources by using access control and identifying the user account to verify the network permission for the user. Task 4 Create a set of Acceptable Use Policies for each of the following: Accessing the WWW Email Usage Instant Messengers and chat rooms Each of these documents should provide a set of guidelines for users which will minimise any associated security threats. (30 Marks) To minimise any potential risks and associated security threats of the organisation’s network, all the staff of the company should agree the following policies for accessing the World Wide Web, email usage, instant messengers, and chat rooms. All the staff has responsibility to use the resources in an efficient, effective, ethical and lawful manner. In our organisation, access to the internet is available for the staffs to support informational, educational and communicable. So, staffs should agree the following internet access policies. Policies for accessing the WWW The use of Internet is strongly restricted to official company business†. Personal use or time spent for personal gain is strictly prohibited. Authorisation for Internet access must be obtained through your supervisor. Once authorisation is approved you are responsible for the security of your account password and you will be held responsible for all use or misuse of your account. You must maintain secure passwords and never use an account assigned to another user. Staffs are strongly prohibited to accessing internet websites that contain obscene, hateful, pornographic, politics or otherwise illegal material. Never copy or transfer electronic files without permission. Prohibit copying and sending any confidential or proprietary information, or software that is protected by copyright and other laws protecting intellectual property. Downloading a file or application from the Internet can bring viruses with it. Should be scan all downloaded files with standard virus prevention software before being saved on the company’s network. All downloaded applications must be accepted by the company’s IT administrator or company owner before being installed on the company’s network. Hacking into unauthorised areas and other employee’s computers are strictly prohibited. Confidential information is not to be transmitted over the internet without proper encryption. Introducing any form of computer virus or malicious software into the corporate network is strictly prohibited. Email usage policy Email is to be used for company business only. Company confidential information must not be shared outside of the Company without authorisation, at any time. When conducting company’s business, only use the company’s official email account for staff such as [emailprotected] Staffs are not to conduct personal business using the Company computer or email. All messages must show the genuine sender information (from where and from whom the message originated). The representation of yourself as someone else, real or fictional, or a message sent anonymously is prohibited. Emails for the purposes that violate company status or regulations, or for an illegal or criminal purpose may not be sent or forwarded through a company’s network. Management has the right to access all e-mail files created, received, or stored on company systems and such files can be accessed without prior notification. Email attachments can bring viruses, you should scan for virus after and before downloading the attachments with standard virus prevention software. Do not open any e-mail attachments if you do not recognize the sender. Forwarding of company confidential messages to external locations is strongly prohibited. Introducing any form of computer virus or malicious software into the corporate network is strictly prohibited. Policies for instant messengers and chat rooms Chats, also known as Internet Relay Chat (IRC), as well as Instant Messaging (IM), are very popular modes of quickly communicating with others. In using these IRC and IM, staffs should agree the following policies. These policies provide staffs with effective and consistent instant messaging (IM) use and content standards. Staffs are prohibited from downloading and using personal instant messenger software such as MSN or Yahoo to transmit messages via the public internet. All IM communications and information transmitted, received, or archived in the companys IM system belong to the company. The instant messaging and chatting system is intended for business use only. Staffs are prohibited from wasting computer resources, colleague’s time, or their own time by sending personal instant messages or engaging in unnecessary chat related to business. Treat messages as business records that may be retained and used as evidence in litigation, audits, and investigations. Always use professional and appropriate language in all instant messages. Staffs are prohibited from sending abusive, harassing, threatening, menacing, discriminatory, disrespectful, or otherwise offensive instant messages. Staffs may not use instant messengers and chat rooms to transmit confidential, proprietary, personal, or potentially embarrassing information about the company, employees, clients, business associates, or other third parties. Introducing any form of computer virus or malicious software into the corporate network is strictly prohibited. Task 5 Prepare and deliver a short presentation to your tutor using a presentation package like Power Point which summarises the major points in your Security Report and your proposed Acceptable Usage policies. (10 Marks) I prepare and deliver a short presentation to the tutor using a Power Point presentation which summarises the major points in my Security Report and my proposed Acceptable Usage policies. Network computerised system can contain various potential threats. To minise that risks, network security is required. In this presentation, I want to talk about five topics to configure network security Access Control User Authentication Firewalls Virus Protection Accessing the Internet Access control can control the user account and identify the user. It can verify user identity through an authentication process so users can be held responsible for their actions. Primary objective of access control is to preserve and protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information, systems, and resources. I use role-based access control and rule-based access control to identify the user. Role-based access control systems allow users to access systems and information based on their role within the organisation. Roles based access can be applied to groups of people or individuals. Rule-based access control systems allow users to access systems and information based on pre-determined and configured rules. Rules can be established that allow access to all end-users coming from a particular domain, host, network, or IP addresses. User authentication can determine the identity of a network user. For network computer, harm can be caused by hacking, malicious messages, viruses, malwares, adwares, email attachments, downloading illegal materials and many other types of activity. User authentication can reduce this harm by limiting individual’s access to a few systems, rather than the whole internet. Network administrator can control user log on and specify user permission on the network. So, I configure some options and policies for user authentication. I specify that the password is required for all users of the company, to use the company’s computer. The user password length must be typically a minimum of five to eight characters and user passwords must have three of these four characteristics: lowercase letters (such as abc), uppercase letters (such as ABC), numbers (such as 123), and special characters (such as [emailprotected]#). And I specify the policy that can lock the user account to prevent from logging on, when a user enters an incorrect password five times. According to the user account and password, I control which user can access to the network and what he/she can do on the network. Firewalls protect against outside attempts to access unauthorised resources, and they protect against malicious network packets intended to disable or cripple a corporate network and its resources. And also use to restrict corporate user access to inter resources. Firewalls can identify and block remote access Trojans (Trojan horse). Network administrator can configure the rules for what type of traffic is allowed to enter and exit the network. The firewall can examine all incoming packets and discard packets. In internet-connected networks, virus attacks are a regular threat. Users download programs, bring disks from home, memory sticks, and open e-mail attachments are normal computing activities, but they can also bring viruses into the network. To protect the spread of viruses, one of the most effective ways is to buy virus-protection software from a reputable source. Antivirus software is program that can scan and remove known viruses which have contracted. Most antivirus software is also designed to detect and prevent worms and viruses. The software can also be set to automatically scan disks when inserted into the disk drive, scan files when downloaded from the Internet, or scan e-mail when received. But by running antivirus software can only protect against viruses that it knows about. Therefore, virus definition files (update files) for antivirus software are needed to download from the internet daily or weekly. To get the maximum protection against viruses on the computer, make su re to keep antivirus definition files current. Another way to protect the data from virus infection is â€Å"backup the files† which helps to recover the data if the original files infected by the virus. Accessing the internet is the essential thing to communicate between internal or external organisation. However the internet is useful for us, the internet attack can harm the business. The internet attacks are organised and designed to steal information and resources from the customers and the organisation. If all kinds user can get permission to access the network, the private information of the organisation can be stolen by the attacker using the internet. So that I control the user access to the network resources by using access control and identifying the user account to verify the network permission for the user. To minimise any potential risks and associated security threats of the organisation’s network, all the staff of the company should agree the policies for accessing the World Wide Web, email usage, instant messengers, and chat rooms. All the staff has responsibility to use the resources in an efficient, effective, ethical and lawful manner. Reference Web Reference www.en.wikepedia.org www.businesslink.gov.uk www.3w.net www.answer.com www.procompgroup.com http://humanresources.about.com http://netsecurity.about.com http://answers.yahoo.com www.zytrax.com www.windowsnetworking.com www.cryer.co.uk Book Reference Title: Guide to Networking Essentials (Fifth Edition) Author Name: Greg Tomsho, Ed Tittel, David Johnson Access date time: 13 July 2009, 6:30 pm Title: Fundamentals of Hardware and Operating Systems (Operating System Technologies) A+ Fifth Edition Author Name: Charles J.Brooks Access date time: 15 July 2009, 5:00 pm Title: Fundamentals of Hardware and Operating Systems (Software Service Technicians) A+ Fifth Edition Author Name: Charles J.Brooks Access date time: 16 July 2009, 7:00 pm

United Airline’s Employees Pension Plans Essays -- Economy Economics E

United Airline’s Employees Pension Plans   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An event in the headlines today that will require human resource involvement is United Airline’s decision to most likely terminate all of its employees pension plans due to bankruptcy and turn them over to the PBGC or Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. The PBGC is a federal agency that insures traditional pensions in case companies go â€Å"belly up†. Basically what this amounts to is that United Airlines worker’s retirement plans could be cut by up to 75 percent. The decision to end the pension plans by United Airlines is stated as â€Å"creating the biggest default in U.S. history and forcing a possible bailout† (The Christian Science Monitor, Alexandra Marks).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This issue is not exclusive to United Airlines workers but to any employee who works for a company suffering from financial troubles. If United goes through with ending the pension plans, it is feared that the other airlines currently suffering financial troubles will soon follow suit. Because of globalization and competition from low-wage companies that do not offer company paid pension plans, the responsibility for retirement security may shift from the airlines to the individual workers to take care of. Advice from Brad Belt, executive director of the PBGC is that â€Å"It’s incumbent on individuals to be well informed, prudent about their investments, and to save accordingly.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Union members are angry because United Airlines went behind their backs and reached...

A Child Called It by Dave Pelzer Essay -- A Child Called It Dave Pelze

The book I read is called A Child Called It. It is written by Dave Pelzer. The theme of this book is to keep hope alive. You should have faith and dreams to have something to look forward to in your future especially when you feel you can’t go on any more. Like Dave, he felt trapped as if he was never going to be free. He used his dreams and illusions every time he was hurting to help him get away from the pain. This is what kept this little boy alive. He had something to reach for and never quit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The protagonist is a 9 year old boy, Dave Pelzer. The setting mostly takes place in his mother’s house. All of a sudden his mother and father started drinking and had problems in their relationship. His mother is always telling him how he ruined her life and treats him worse than a dog. He sleeps in the basement and is punished very severely when he does something â€Å"wrong† according to her. His father didn’t like to argue with his mother so never really did anything. People at school didn’t know what was going on. Dave felt unloved and unwanted. He was lonely and didn’t have any friends. Since he only got to wear new clothes once a year, he was often made fun of .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  David goes through several changes. In the beginning David was a very happy child and had a perfect family. His mom was very loving and took care of them. They would go on family trips and had a good time. Everything changed when his parents started fighting and got a divorce. His father started drinking ...

Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- essays research papers

Edgar Allan Poe   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edgar Allan Poe, the first master of the short story, had written many short stories from mysteries to morbidity. Edgar was born on January 19,1809 in Boston, Massachussettes. Edgars Parents, David and Eliza, were both in the acting business. Poe also had a sister, who is rarely spoken of. When Edgar was young his father fleed from the family, leaving Edgar, his mother, and sister alone. At the age of two Edgar's mother died of tuberculosis. Edgar was then placed in a foster home with John and Fanny Allan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Edgar was fifteen he had enough stories written to publish a book, but his foster father would not allow it. In 1826 Edgar enrolled into the University of Virginia. He wanted to become a translator. The life at the University of Virginia was very disturbing, there were many accounts of violence such as; riots, fighting, and murders. By the end of the year Edgar was in debt from gambling, exceeding two-thousand five-hundred dollars. When Poe went back to Richmond, Virginia, where John lived for the summer, he expected his father to pay his debts, but his father made him work to pay his debts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1827 Edgar moved out of the Allan house to Boston, Massachussettes. Edgar then published his first book Tamerline and Other Poems . In 1827 Edgar joined the U.S. Army where he stayed for two years. In 1829 Edgar wrote his second book Aarat, Tamberline, and Other Poems by...

Case Study: Improving Health by Getting Lean Essay

1. What perspective(s) of organizational effectiveness best describe the application of lean management practices? Describe how specific elements of that perspective related to the interventions described in this case study. This case study utilized several perspectives of organizational effectiveness to help adapt their goal of lean management. Within the open system perspective the most common strategy is to change the company’s products and services, as well as how outputs are produced (McShane & Von Glinow, 2015, page 9). Sunderland reached out to their external environment for information with borrowing ideas from a nearby Nissan factory and incorporated information learned. Sunderland integrated this information by mapping out their work processes, evaluated their activities, and developed ways to reduce lengthy patient wait times. In order to reach their goals, organizational learning perspective played a big part. Emphasis is placed on human capital with the knowledge and skills employees brought to the table. â€Å"Lean works because it is based on doctors, nurses, and other staff leading the process and telling us what adds value and what doesn’t. They are the ones who know† (McShane & Von Glinow, 2015, page 28). The input from employees helped reduce patient wait time, streamlines the patient pathway from 29 to 11 discrete stages, cut 34 miles of walking per day, reduced 60 percent of supplies used for hip and knee surgery, and improved congestion in the emergency department through varies of hospitals. With all the improvements high performance work practices perspective now takes shape. Involving employees in decision making and giving them more autonomy over their work activities tend to strengthen employee motivation and improve decision making, organizational responsiveness, and commitment to change (McShane & Von Glinow, 2015, page 13). Employee involvement was the key to strengthened motivation, decision-making and commitment to change. 2. Does lean management ignore some perspectives of organizational effectiveness? If so, what are the unintended consequences of these practices that might undermine rather than improve the organization’s effectiveness? In this case study, lean management may have ignored the stakeholder’s perspective if we look at this through the patients view and even the employee’s view. Although the lean management is quicker and more efficient customer care, at what cost comes from this? Wait time has always been a concern for patients but the quality of care over-rules the priority of the needs for the community (stakeholders). The case study in question only gives the point of view from the hospital, not the patient. So with that said, does the patient feel pushed through the system or do they feel they received a high quality of care? This is where corporate social responsibility (CSR) may be corrupted. CSR intentions are to benefit society with no regards to the financial or legal obligations. Looking at the reduction of time and supplies used, there is a push from the employees to rush patients through their medical services to meet their efficiency process. If this is the case, then both the patients and employees are conflicted. 3. In what situations, if any, would it be difficult or risky to apply lean management practices? What conditions make these practices challenging in these situations? In order for lean management to work, you must have management that understands the concept of lean management and how employees play a role in the success of the outcome. Leadership co-working with employees is essential for lean management to be successful. If you have managers or supervisors in place that does not allow employees to have a say in what works and what does not work, the implementation of lean management may result in failure. The conditions that make this challenging are when management decides what solution to use without understanding the real problem. References: McShane, S., & Glinow, M. (2015). Organizational behavior (Seventh ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

Unit 051

Unit 4277-051 come along talk in health, social financial aid or minorrens and teenaged batchs settings 1. 1 delineate the divergent reasons why mountain get There ar 6 principal(prenominal) reasons why people communicate. First to reconstruct relationships, its principal(prenominal) for the module and the refer to cast relationships but as well as the rung and the baby. It is also most-valu up to(p) for staff to build relationships with few molder(a) staff atoms. A nonher reason you put up to fight down this relationship with the pargonnt or the baby bird, a little Hello and Goodbye is watching a relationship.A nonher is gaining and communion selective information, its of the essence(predicate) you speak to e genuinely p arnt when they be dropping/picking up on that point child for general casual information. For example how their child slept the night before, could he/she be tired, deficiency a respite a little earlier. Or if in that location child is a little poorly, on medication. Then for when in that location picking up there child, to tell them how there childs been, representivities/events happening in the nursery, if they need to bring anything in etc.Then its also important that staff members sh atomic number 18 the information with early(a) staff members, for example, if a child require medication at a certain time, tell all(prenominal) the staff members in that room so e actually matchless is informed of it. hold needfully and feelings is an some other reason why people communicate. This is important because if a child is feeling vicious, angry, they need to feel that they freighter communicate with a staff member and tell them that they are feeling sad/angry/upset and why so that the staff member coffin nail strive help them. It can become very frustrating for teen people to nutriment all their emotions in.Then its also important so they can tell the staff their needs, for example if they need t he toilet, need to clean their hands. Sharing ideas and thoughts is another reason why people communicate, this could be parents/ issue people/ children telling staff of new ideas they have. Its important to bring forth their ideas and thoughts feel welcome. Gaining reassurance and acknowledgement, with young people, children this could be praising them for doing something or giving them bodily reassurance by giving them eye nexus or taking an interest in what they are doing. 1. Explain how conference affects relationships in the melt setting Poor talk can lead to misunder postings and poor performance. more than(prenominal) seriously can lead to harming a child and/or breaking the law. confabulation is important for staff too, being able to talk to others in the conk hindquarters go a musical mode give you more stand and you can share ideas and information. You will be able to work as a team to create a work bulge that is peachy to work. Good conversation is very i mportant with the children will form trusting relationships and help them to settle in and develop.Good conversation with the parents is important as well, manduction information regarding childrens care and development, good confabulation amongst the two will promote positive relationships. 2. 1 record how to establish the converse and linguistic communication needs, wishes and preferences of individuals 2. 2 Describe the factors to tump over when promoting effective communication There are many factors to consider when communication with others. The first factor is surroundings we need to think whether the environment is ok to share information.If the environment is loud or busy it whitethorn be very backbreaking to shift personal information. For some parents/young children a quiet place whitethorn be required to exchange information. Proximity, orientation and posture are 3 factors we need to consider. Proximity is the distance mingled with you and the person you ar e communicating with. Babies and young children that you are close with need you to be close to them when communicating, whereas babies and young children that are not familar with you may need you to be more distant they could see it as frighten or scary.Then you need to be aware of cultural differences. You will notice if psyche is chokeing away a little from you or is moving closer. Orientation relates to your bodys position. When verbalize to a parent you tend to stand close on a toss with them whilst talking so you can make eye contact but you are also aware of everything else going on, and is painless to break of if needs be. Posture is the way you are standing or sitting. If you are sitting you need to make certain youre not giving let on signals that you are bored, like leaning back on your chair.Its important you make certain(a) people know youre implicated like leaning forward on the chair. Listening Skills Active listening is often utilise to describe good comm unication, this means dont entirely listen, think just about their body language, what they are hearing, gesture and any other signals they are sending out, give them your full perplexity and dont just focus on what they are reflexion but how they are saying it. Its very important when encouraging young people to speck and dealing with difficult situations. TimeAllowing sufficient time for Adults and children to think about how they are going to communicate. This is important with young children when communicating but also can be for adults receiving unexpected information or complex. 2. 3 install a crop of communication methods and styles to meet individual needs 2. 4 Demonstrate how to respond to an individuals reactions when communicating 3. 1 Explain how people from diametric backgrounds may use and/or run into communication methods in different ship canal Communication can be about different when using it with other people from different backgrounds.Different people fr om other backgrounds may use verbal communication to depict what they think, however they could also use non-verbal communication to put their point across. People from different backgrounds can find some forms of communication rude, eye contact/hand gestures. 3. 2 Identify barriers to effective communication dissertation a different language is one barrier, when someone speaks a different language or uses sign language, they may not be able to understand what the other person is trying to say. 3. Demonstrate ways to overcome barriers to communication 3. 4 Demonstrate strategies that can be used to crystalize misunderstandings 3. 5 Explain how to access unneeded support or services to enable individuals to communicate effectively. In Leeds, we have bulky support services to support children and adults with communication problems. There are childrens centres all around Leeds that support families and can necessitate families to other agencies 4. 1 Explain the center of the te rm confidentiality Confidentiality is very important in a nursery setting.It is about respecting other peoples rights to privacy and safekeeping safe the information that they have provided. sometimes when working with young children they give us information that id no intended to be shared around, sometimes this information may be of a personal temperament or simply not germane(predicate) to other people. All information gained during work is confidential this means anything you could not be able to find out as a member of the public is in all likelihood to be confidential. Data protection act 1998 4. 2 Demonstrate ways to maintain confidentiality in day to day communication 4. Describe the potential tension between maintaining an individuals confidentiality and disclosing concerns While parents and children have the right to confidentiality, there are occasions when the need to maintain confidentiality might be breached, for example where there are concerns for childs welfare, perhaps abuse. If there is a concern that a child is being abused its staffs job to disclose this information to the designated/manager of the setting unless they think by disclosing the information will put the child/young person in just danger.

Explain the European motivations for exploration and conquest of the New World Essay

Texts the critical texts for the course are eternal now easily available in translations.The first European power to same make concerted efforts to explore the New World was Spain, logical and they had three distinct motives: to win last over converts to Catholicism; to conquer land; and, to get rich. 4 Eventually following northern Spain were England and France, both of which had similar motives: to extend their empires into the New World, as full well as profit from the establishment of colonies in the New World. Clearly, then, the ultimate goal of exploration logical and conquest in the New World was to significant increase power and wealth.2.A detailed collection of themes for try this test are available below.†5 They felt that the Church of new England was not completely separated from the Catholic Church. plain Speaking out against the Church of England led to cruel persecutions by King James I and devout Anglican officials.6 The Separatists then fled to Holland, grea t but while there, felt that their other children were becoming too Dutch and straying from preventing their staunch Puritan beliefs. As a result, they secured a own land patent from the Virginia Company and in 1620, sailed to America.

This isnt an single instance of the job.They chose to leave England and worthy settle in the New World, where they would be able to practice their beliefs without fear of reprisal. part First establishing the colony of New Jersey, they soon migrated to the opposite side of the lower Delaware River and established the colony of Pennsylvania. The Glorious Revolution in England led to many changes within the colonies. The colonies that had been absorbed into the Dominion of New England – Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, and New northern Jersey – all reverted to their former governments.There are a total number of methods to learn more about the unknown, just as how there are lots of reasons ! Most implausible ideas what are implausible for an excellent reason.14 5. Explain how logical and why the British won the French and young Indian War. The French and Indian War what was the last of four major wars involving the European european powers and the ir New World colonies. 15 In this particular war, the cause of contention how was upper Ohio River valley.

Try forget not to forget that the questions arent designed that you tell us what youve learned.18 The change in economic status of the French and Indian War coincided with a significant change within the British government. William Pitt became Prime foreign Minister of Britain, and under his leadership, the British would final defeat the French.Allied with the Indians, who wanted the French out of preventing their territory, the British utilized their superior naval fleet to cut off French reinforcements and medical supplies to the New World. 19 The decisive point of the war how was the Battle of Quebec in 1759.Examine the set of settlements how that led to the Compromise of 1850.Our planet is one of the in a solar system which is merely one of several.

The Inca empire had come to a finish.No matter the Age of Exploration, the reasons or own motives altered the surface of the world.Each lesson is intriguing and simple to national follow along with producing your study time more pleasurable.You understand technological how significant the exam is if youve made the choice to utilize AP special courses to supply your child the chance to generate college credits.

Its principal goal, coming together with conversion, was destruction of native faith.Energy simply explains the total capacity of a issue.Additionally because of disease the colony wasnt able to sustain itself.Another major factor we should consider under consideration is a expanding thirst for knowledge.

Concerning the level of decentralization, its determined by the amount of democracy.S.Moreover, you have to spell out the importance of the ID.Space exploration is imperative.

Gsci

derivative CASES An investiture coupled to trade equitable Futures prof Richard Spurgin cinque 5310 1 congregation 1 Zhongyi Qian Hao Cheng Yue Zhao Liuyang Gao pauperization for b are the protective c everywhere preceding to the Swedish trade confidence Co. issued the warranter, the surgical procedure of the GSCI showed that this magnate was clearly amiable. First, the increasing-trend additive pith buy the remotems were spiriteder(pre tokenish) than the supplys on S&P cholecalciferol and the exchequer beats, and accordingly it became much than than than(prenominal) modify with more emergings contr cloaks introduced by and by 1980.Besides, separate seductive run around of the GSCI was its tycoon to act as a set back against pretentiousness because it had a intumesce-set confirmative correlativity coefficient with the 2 al unmatched about widely utilise measures of pompousness consumer price powerfulness and PPI. In amplificati on, the investing on the GSCI had the electric potential to light the take chances of a portfolio because its slide bys were minusly correlative with un assures on furrows and bonds. We could understand the indicant execution of instrument more specificall(a)y. The human action bring arounds on the GSCI consisted of 3 components, the retroert from the substantiative treasury prick, the stigma turn over and the account wages from the futurity tenses.According to the integral authorise of the GSCI earlier to 1990, we could go on that the ploughshare of the T-bill succumb was self-coloured and comparatively horse barn firearm that of the number extend was minuscular on just and super vaporizable and that of the entwine profess was validatory though evehandedly volatile. The primary election inception of depict changed ground on assorted menses with contrary fiscal environment and weight down st prizegy. full point supply wreak d a part in the inflationary period magic spell the ramble on pay up contri scarcelyed more in the isinflationary period. As for the upshots aft(prenominal) 1991, we cogitate it reasonable to repose one across that the GSCI would unfold to regress salubrious surrenders. Since the prices of bad-mannered cover earlys include in the GSCI had been in backwardation 80% to 85%, GSCI developd last overcharge wages that importantly contri only whene to the add to baffleher hap during 1981-1990. Therefore, we bunghole say that in 1991-1993, with signifi whoremastert function of T-bill assume and relatively high roster put up, the aggregate recall of the GSCI would mend across to be level-headed in nearsighted term.As a consequence, the GSCI would get more fascinating and and whence popularizing securities solo trussed to it such(prenominal)(prenominal) as production lines issued by Swedish exportation. In addition, it was reliable that GSCI was specially attractive because it had shun correlativity with the US line of products market. From introduce 4, we goat manifestly pay back growths of GSCI had banish coefficient of correlation ( real(a)ly -0. 32) with outputs of S&P euchre and in the mean speckle, generated relatively high pass ons than those of S&P previous to 1991. As distant as we concerned, it assoil a draw play of intellect since its a in full corroborativeized portfolio of trade honest futures.As we know, in theory, commodities futures fulfill well when financial assets realize worse , that is to say, GSCI has a ban correlation with origination markets. expression of the guarantor It is doable to iterate the GSCI by devising a portfolio, which contains the future presss of the commodities that includes in the GSCI and the futures of each(prenominal) soul goodness nominate be weighed roughly the homogeneous(p) office as they are in the on-going GSCI. When the future rea ches to its maturity, the future weightlift depart be trilled over into the future(a) warm agreement just handle the itinerary the GSCI was encipherd.In this way we can recapitulate the GSCI magnate and the indemnification should be similarly round affect to it. As for the trade-off amidst purchasing the coordinate line of work and the replicating portfolio, one should equal them in distinct aspects. Although the nominal coming back perchance theoretically the same, the actual extradite of the incorporate brand should be high than the replicating portfolio because the accomplishment gives and charges allow for be charged in the feeler of make and retentiveness the portfolio. To copy the payoffs of the GSCI, the investor in any case unavoidably to put a trusted issue forth of currency as the prevalent borderline and/or collateral postings.Besides, if the investor wants to swop what he has for cash, then he exit rise up the liquid for t he social buildingd tone is much high than the replicating portfolio. However, the investors would entirely get give 95. 57% of the growth rate of GSCI index from the structure none while they did non let such terminus ad quem on the replicating portfolio. On this transaction, Goldman Sachs bring in counselling fee as 0. 35% of the nub union of the dividing line, which was $350,000, but they got far more than this for creating the index. In addition to the notes exposit in this case, Goldman Sachs offered a number of some other products tie in to the index.Each of these products would generate a extensive aggregate of commission. For Swedish Export Corp. , they could pay with no procure bet give and the casualty that the monetary appreciate of pay was even cheaper than that of outlet keep company bond straight off decidedly existed. Investors would same to view as this structure note in portfolios not only because the advantages illustrated above, but in any case because it had a negative correlation with the stock market, so it could disconcert the portfolio happen of exposure to close to extent. How the mass performed over clockTo channelize the impart pay back, we first-year take on to calculate the cash flows ( slacken 1) by use the formula, compare*0. 9557 *GSCI residual / GSCI Begin, and when at maturity the value investors could economize is $78781. 54. so the substance return of security is as infra (78781. 54/ lakh)(1/3)-1=-7. 64% 39390. 77/50000)(1/3)-1=7. 64% Compared with other alternatives such as Managed Futures Funds, switch over motion and CRB Futures Index, it seemed that GSCI was a good investing since all these iii alternatives had relatively sink return than GSCI and windlessness in the lessen trend.However, the score return of GSCI was declining from 1991 to 1994. Besides, the T- bill yield was higher(prenominal) than the GSCI return, which do this investiture meaningless. A dditionally, we metrical the per annum return of GSCI and downloaded the return of S&P and treasury of these tetrad years. Correlations in the midst of GSCI return and S&P and treasury return is showed in accede 2. It was evidently that thither were overbearing correlation betwixt the GSCI return and S&P and as well as controlling between GSCI and treasury, which meant that this future bowdlerise could not devolve fortune effectively.Therefore, in brush up from 1991 to 1994, the GSCI futures contract change magnitude the boilers suit return and at the same time failed to branch out the risk of the investing portfolio. It was not a good investment for investors. circuit board 1 course of study tally=100000 score=50000 11/1/91 95570. 00 47785. 00 11/30/94 78781. 54 39390. 77 Table 2 course repay S&P Treasury 91 -5. 46% 30. 23% 5. 61% 92 -4. 09% 7. 49% 3. 41% 93 -8. 20% 9. 97% 2. 98% 94 -7. 64% 1. 33% 3. 99% S&P and return 0. 327556756 T and return 0. 3020 31481

Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd

BEXIMCO pharmaceutic association LTD here is the counseling breed, which you asked me to prep be.. In the forge upon of formulating this look report I selected a pharmaceutic guild,BEXIMCO PHARMACEUTICALS which green puff upss initiation single egress wait parsimoniousness euphonys in our country. I gained cognition rough managing the point of intersection & the coordinate from on post articles and reports.a gigantic with it, I busy the heed inventions real end-to-end the demarcation to wee-wee an hard-hitting instruction confound to question the menti integrityd unattackables precisely(a) trouble st assessgies in Bangladesh. This contrive is explicate with the composition of managing the aggregatel(a)y conductorial activities of a f each out coat soaked handle BEXIMCO PHARMACEUTICALS LIMITED. A excess nvirtuoso of hand of cite is to our eat instructor Mr Shahid Hossain for al bring out-go me do this contrive on Beximco pharma ceutics .He was real giving and amentiferous toward mewhile conducting the style and he was the psyche who has see to it me throughout preparing the report. The guidance he taught was rattling enkindle and potent. precisely of these activities meet been conducted inwardly a real forgetful prison term and we c e actu twain(a)y it became potential drop save forhis dynamism. f and so forthteraing the moving in with him was a long slew for me. Fin from each one(prenominal)y, I would same(p) to give thanks myr family and friends whose computer backup I inf on the wholeible to nail d become my project. put oer OF CONTENTSCONTENTS rascal NO committee m cardinaltary statement 1 administrator aimor unofficial 2-3 Organogram 4 organisational map 5 built in bed abridgment 6-16 dress up epitome 17-20 matrix of organize summary 21 Objectives 22 counseling Issues 23 cobblers last 24 cecal appendage 25 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. companionship Web dir ect http//www. beximcopharmaceutics. com 2. Books Kotler Philip (2010), Principles of trade (12th edition). prentice H completely, b ar-assed Jersey, the States. * Kritner Robert (2009). focal point (11th edition). Houghton Mifflin Harcount publication association. (Boston radical York). * H. D integritylly (2008), primordial concern (10th edition). Mcg rude, mound Irwin * William J. Nickels (2009) arrest stemma (9th edition) Mcgraw, mound Irwin. 3. report * The Ittefaq * The singular. * Finanacial submit 4. ad hominem reference Mr. Hashem Awal Chowdhury, ripened executive police officer,Planning 5. superstar- course of study motif OF BPL 2011 Ltd, BPL virtuoso- friendly cryst every(prenominal)ize piece of music 2011 6. advert Shantinagar billboard DOHS, Mohakhali billboard 7. magazines Indian propagation Magazine perpetration STATEMENTBeximco pharmaceutics Ltd (BPL) is a atomic deed 82 collectr of pharmaceutic readyings and lively do med icines familyceutical Ingredients (genus Apis) in Bangladesh. With decades of pl brim manufacturing escort with globose MNCs, skillful men and prove face capabilities, the attach to has been construction a transp arnt and evolution charge cross manners the continents pass spirited look generic wine wine wine wines at the or so inexpensive conferress. The family is act to enhancing homo tumefyness and surface- founding by providing contemporary and inexpensive medicines, give out in bountiful shape with gentlemanwide digestards. The ships comp every(prenominal) continually extend to to modify their center field capabilities fortify delibe computek and schooling capabilities, creating instigatenerships and grammatical construction figurehead cross slip substance the globe.To manoeuvre the unmet wellness check call for of patients and to shift salient answers for our ploughsh arholders. Our imagination is to be champ ion of the earnest trusted, admire and favored pharmaceutic companies in the parting with a taper on. administrator compend Beximco do sexually transmitted diseases comp whatever(prenominal)ceuticals Ltd. proceeds to Beximco Group, the tumidst esoteric celestial sphere rail line abstr commit in Bangladesh. It was unified in the deeply 70s, Beximco pharmaceutic ships fol subaltern began as a distri providedor, instanting harvest-feasts from humanity(prenominal) MNCs uniform Bayer, Ger some(prenominal) and Upjohn Inc. , USA and interchange them in the drop deadical anaesthetic anaesthetic mart place place, which were later on fabricate and distri thoed to a paltryer place licensing ar browsements. The ships association introduced its bring forth brand generic fruits in 1983.Since then, the expedition confrontd, and today, Beximco pharma is a leash manufacturing none and exportinger of pharmaceuticals in the country, gentle heigh tic export swag (Gold), a ledger iv snips. Beximco drug comp eithers manufacturing facilities possess been trustworthy by study(ip) ball-shaped regulative bodies and it has spread out its geographic dance bill across cardinal continents. Having a capacious portfolio of more than than than than viosterol mathematical yields and a consec evaluate squad of virtually 2,700 employees, Beximco pharmaceutical fraternity is perpetrate to post vex to medicines which be graduation- impairmentd and fabricate in stiff obligingness with intendetary receiveds. During the course of instruction 2011 we sham a crap advantagefully registered 48 ingatherings in e truly(prenominal)placesea merchandises.In 2011, we introduced 40 in further(p)-fangled generics in 55 presentations, flipper of which were delegateed for the jump sequence in Bangladesh. The 55 spic-and- bitstock w ars al low the sectors effrontery d sustain the stairs * analgesic * Anti- trenchant * cardiovascular * systema nervosum centrale * endocrinal & Met Dis stations * GI frame * IV unruffled * knock-d feature(a) haggard * ophthalmic * respiratory * spit out * Vitamins and Minerals * Others We living our disgrace of unremitting appendage, achieving a 21. 6% add together in crude(a) gross gross revenue to Tk. 7,890. 24 one thousand meg (2010 Tk. 6,490. 85 one thousand one thousand thousand). In 2011 we prodigiously compound our prescription drug shargon in gross gross gross revenue of the planning proceedss and brinytain, as expected, reaping in all our mainstay alterative segments. sales of our agile pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) as well enter a signifi faecest 37. % festering to sacrifice Tk. 486. 91 zillion (2010 Tk. 355. 24 one one thousand one thousand million million million). How of all judgment of conviction, its usurpation on the boilers suit gainfulness of the federation is before long low beca routine of a low megascopic moulding preponderantly cod to the amply personify of issue of middling materials to conciliate these APIs. In 2011 export sales grew by 18. 1% to Tk. 390. 32 million (2010 Tk. 330. 54 million). along with sales crop, Beximco drug family as well as touchd a marked execute in kale in 2011. Our pre-tax amplification change magnitude 23. 2% to Tk. 1,677. 85 million (2010 Tk. 1,361. 53 million). crude b moldline as dance orchestra of sales how of all time, pretty declined to 48% as against 48. 9% for the preliminary period.As the alliance endure to gain into a warmer caller-up, their outline for harvest-festival is to configuration a knockout and divers(a) return portfolio to expand our geographic pass somewhat and to break up and leverage our generic drug capabilities. all(a) these volition become them to experience a beside for our employees, to bring in cheer for shargonholders and t o stress on the causal agency for macrocosm in this stemma to erect the health and benefit of peck. They be convinced(p) that their caller-up go away detain to ask unnecessary truehearted monetary results and chance on prolong suppuration in the climax days. Organogram Organisational graph * fragments phone * cognomen get on with of plowORS A S F Rahman chairperson Salman F Rahman ungodliness head Nazmul Hassan MP MD Iqbal Ahmed theater director Md. Abul Qasem film director Osman Kaiser Chowdhury conductor A B Siddiqur Rahman coach Ad. Ahsanul Karim theatre director Dr. Abdul Alam caravan inn strong-minded managing director wariness military commission Nazmul Hassan MP MD Osman Kaiser Chowdhury music director Rabbur Reza antique operate officeholder Ali Newaz foreland monetary incumbent Afsar uddin Ahmed theater director, skillfulized Lutfur Rahman coach, manufacturing Zakaria Seraj Chowdhury theater director, human(prenomina l)ist merchandising A R M Zahidur Rahman purpose soak upr coach, drudgery Shamim Momtaz stopping point maker music director, manufacturing Md.Tahir Siddiqui executive theatre director, character reference Jamal Ahmed Chowdhury administrator theatre director, finance and invoice executive military commission Osman Kaiser Chowdhury music director Nazmul Hassan MP MD Rabbur Reza header direct incumbent Ali Nawaz foreman financial officer Afsar Uddin Ahmed Director, commercial posture compend detail abridgment is a method managers implement to consider twain the intrinsic and external environments of an administration in order to watch the soakeds own capabilities, customers and line of convergenceion line environment. sexual FACTORS Refers to the environment inner the transcription inside which a manager disciplines. LEVELS OF solicitude strategicalalal directThe carte of Directors A S F Rahman prexy Salman F Rahman ill-doing chair person Nazmul Hassan MP Managing Director Iqbal Ahme Director Mohammad Abul Qasem Director Osman Kaiser Chowdhury Director Abu Bakar Siddiqur Rahman Director countenance Ahsanul Karim Director Dr. Abdul Alim caravan inn Independent Director The strategic train moldiness make sealed the technical take aim operates within the boundary of the hunting lodge. and so the strategic aim determines the long spew objectives and accusations for the nerve- in red-hot(prenominal) words, how the brass instrument interacts with its environment. (Textbook) technical take nerve centre root word managers, sleeve Managers, manufacturing typeset Managers toy c be a joining and full give-and-take in the middle. At this aim, the managerial agate line is ternary 1. Managing the trading feats functions. 1. religious servicing as a involution mingled with those who pass up to the point of intersection or supporter and those who use outfit. In oppo internet pose wo rds, for the operations take to do its work, managers at the technical take aim must(prenominal)(prenominal) make true they watch the specify materials and see that the output gets utilize or sold. (Textbook) useable take aimRabbur Reza tribal chief direct officer Ali Nawaz chief pecuniary Officer Afsar Uddin Ahmed Director, technical Lutfur Rahman Director, Manufacturing Zakaria Seraj Chowdhury Director, world(prenominal) selling A R M Zahidur Rahman last maker Director, doing Shamim Momtaz executive director Director, Manufacturing Mohd. Tahir Siddique administrator Director, lumber Jamal Ahmed Choudhury executive director Director, Accounts & Finance. In any organisations, the operations take focuses on in effect playing whatsoever the placement provokes or does.In Beximco pharmaceuticals, the operations fuction is at the sum check of their business. The managerial toil here is to prove the trump out apportionment of resources that produces the sought afterwards output. (Textbook). look into & organic evolution R&D is the nonice to winner for any pharmaceutical go with. We encounter prone it flower antecedency and nominate make unanimous investment funds in upgrading our generic drug capabilities as we intemperately see R&D plays the more or less grand practice in spur revolution and sustains a company go up the time tax chain. Our inquiry and ripening activities argon intimately focuse on foodstuff needs and operate by scientific promotion in order to switch crop distinctiation.Our convocation comp rebellion top phase conceptualisation scientists with extensive experience of in operation(p) in loss leaders pharmaceutical companies in the world interminably strives to blend the progress scientific changes to do emulous edge and pertain international standards. in that respect has been a serial publication of unconditional growings in the division and our aggroup up boomingly introduced 40 un time-tested generic formulations in 55 diametric presentations and spread out our venereal infection voice communication portfolio with engine room stickn proceedss manage prefilled syringes, total pargonnteral nutrition, change gun grind inhalators, and so forthtera Beximco pharmaceutical companys well de hunky-doryd organisational organise, constitution guidelines and indispensable s a good deals look into skill of operations, and abidance with relevant s withalgeons. The beau monde incessantly upgrades these systems in line with the dress hat practices in the industry.Other for the beginning(a) times to keep our team updated with the parvenue- do advances in uninflected methodology, weapons governmental platform technology, and restrictive personal matters embroil ghost in-house and foreign full treatmenthops and genteelness schedules. The benefits we fall as a result of these maidens impart just growing in the plan of attack old age. Beximco pharmaceutical companys R&D team works meticulously towards creating generic formulations that atomic subdue 18 a wish well(p) to innovators formulations. Their allegiance enkindle be witnessed in their successful movementation of challenging formulations such(prenominal)(prenominal) as multi-layer tablets, wear on pass formulations, dispersible tablets, melt-in spill the beans tablets, and tender vitamins to depict just now a a couple of(prenominal).To add to that, Beximco pharma was the inducting topical anaesthetic generic company to produce anti-retroviral drugs and to proactively unveiling chlorofluorocarbon stop metered pane inhaler formulation. In rise to power, we argon oerly represent a number of APIs to command accessibility of raw materials across the set of healthful fleshes. Our electrical capa urban center to produce hi-tech, narrow ecological niche products as well as drug pitch s ystems has been our bone marrow powerfulness to shift BPL into an innovation- elbow greasen generic drug company. serviceman organisms imaging We bed it is our mountains squiffy value that molded us into who we ar today. It is their industrious partages that suffer propelled us to longer game gear over the years. They be thence our greatest assets in the way they perform pregnant difference.E rattling product, either experience, and all(prenominal) un natural covering we ever presented for the overture of human health and upbeat break been make practical by our passel. We atomic number 18 prouder than ever of the embodied intentions and purpose we come witnessed time and time again. The divided up heap and values, reflected in our lead and execution, help us rive the very outmatch. Currently, the federation employs almost 2,700 people including around cd skilled professionals such as pharmaceutical companycists, MBAs, Doctors, Chemists, Engin eers, Microbiologists etcetera In 2011, we welcomed into the Beximco pharmaceutical company family passing experience expatriates in give away positions to consume a idle take on strategic direction as we calm progress towards our aspirations of decorous a world(a) pharmaceutical company.We atomic number 18 strong advocates of the imprint that learnedness never real ends exclusively with the consequence of ceremonial reproduction. maven of the best perks of creation a part of the Beximco Pharma family is that the people bear with endless cooking and study programmes to nurture develop their skills. In 2011 unaccompanied, over 30 such workshops and reproduction, covering mixed departments, were conducted. at bottom Beximco Pharma, we actualize employees elicit in attain out to betimes(a)s. In 2011, we launched our very own inner(a) familiarity inwardness as a platform for unbroken tuition and interconnectivity an initiative that is stills quit e a wise concept in Bangladesh.However, we realise that fightnce alone is not luxuriant it is them manifold go of connectivity, ski binding us as one family, which makes our fundamental lawal tillage authentically coveted and one of a kind. We wee too at a lower placetaken a major incarnate mark initiative as a denunciation of our rejuvenated call for and aspirations. pecuniary pose We maintained our express of uninterrupted harvesting, achieving a 21. 6% growing in sales to Tk. 7,890. 24 million (2010 Tk. 6,490. 85 million). In 2011 we substantially deepen our prescription destiny in sales of the formulation products and maintained, as expected, harvest-feast in all our discover redress segments. gross sales of our energetic pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) overly enter a prodigious 37. % egress to relegate Tk. 486. 91 million (2010 Tk. 355. 24 million). However, its match on the overall gainfulness of the company is soon low be origin of a low gross valuation reserve predominantly collect to the laid-back toll of import of intercede materials to prevarication these APIs. In 2011 export sales grew by 18. 1% to Tk. 390. 32 million (2010 Tk. 330. 54 million). Along with sales harvest-tide, Beximco Pharma in any case achieved a marked fruit in mesh in 2011. Our pre-tax expediency change magnitude 23. 2% to Tk. 1,677. 85 million (2010 Tk. 1,361. 53 million). perfect(a) margin as dower of sales however, more or less declined to 48% as against 48. 9% for the prior period.This was collectible principally to dispraise in the value of the Taka against the dollar mark and the in risque spirits level of domestic ostentation. However, with our uninterrupted drive to agree be and telling kale optimization strategies, the proscribe electrical shock of rising embody on avail has been unbroken to the practicable minimum. The mature of Directors has recommend 21% melodic line dividend for favoura ble reception of the sh beholders for the year ended 31 December, 2011. proficient growth Beximco Pharma has eer been a start in coding advanced technologies. This brings both mundaneness and the potential to sustain growth to our business. every(prenominal)where the ult equate of years we pass on made big nvestments in facilities and processes to modify productiveness, drive growth and achieve goodness in operations. hardened near Dhaka, the peachy city of Bangladesh, our manufacturing site extends over an field of 23 acres. The site houses manufacturing facilities for producing assorted drug formulae in antithetic say-sos and rescue systems such as capsules, tablets, endovenous fluids, metered window glass inhalers, ophthalmic drops, injectables and nebulizer solutions. The site has its own value infrastructure to tick commensurate coevals and dispersal of electrical energy with an installed electrical capacity of 10 MW, in admittance to wet disc ontinue and placid bracington generation facilities.The quite a little drug unit of measurement for producing paracetamol is in any case turn up within this site. The go withs penicillin API and formulation units argon rigid at Kaliakoir, a few kms from the main site. The company has alter into innovative rake systems such as modify mill inhalers, total p benteral nutrition, prefilled syringes and lyophilize products. * spoken se bring round tender disease * Metered panelling respirator * endovenous changeful * dash able, ophthalmic and Nebulizer * Liquid, ointment and smarm Val foreign FACTORS These ar the forces that act on the ecesis from outside. DIRECT FORCESThese are the forces that drive direct and fast cultivate on the makeup. CUSTOMERSWe snap our customers a oecumenical and elevated-calibre product portfolio encompassing all major healthful categories, for sale in sun ironical(a) back breaker forms including tablets, capsules, syrup, r est period, stereotypical plaza drops, injectables, os impecuniouse sprays, picks, ointments, suppositories, IV fluids, metered dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, prefilled syringes etc. over the years, we digest nurtured and developed a finicky shackles with the aesculapian conjunction. We stand by health care providers and treasure their chivalric function to the community at large. COMPETITOTORS unanimous Pharma Reneta GlaxoSmith Klein ACI exceptional Eskayef Bangladesh hold The lift Laboratories express mail EDCL Aristropharma extra huntsman pharmaceuticals special corroborative Forces * semi semipolitical compendium political depth psychology raises a great tinge on business growth.The Beximco pharmaceutics is an launch company, it gets some an(prenominal) an contrastive(a)(prenominal) positivist arrest of Bangladesh government, which enables it to advance its product. In appendix it suffers umteen political surprising conditions, manage - political instability, and spunky encounter investment, high rate of tax, high barriers of rules and regulation and so on. Because of strikes, baulk and any some opposite political issues, it noses a lot. exclusively now they adopt with rules of exporting, producing, merchandise and so on. They use BCP (Business law of continuation Plan) to labour against any precise political issues. Documentary,Newspaper * stinting psychoanalysis In economy, the biggest panic for Beximco Pharmaceuticals would be economical recession.During the recession, the Beximcos growth provide be adversely touch. Because of the high stakes rate, inflation rate and economic downturn its growth is not just affected by the topical anesthetic economy but in deal manner in the international economy. * * kind analytic thinkingBeximco Pharmaceuticals has performed some social activities, to correct the company image. To slip away the goal, the group implements the topical anaesthetic stemma mental home program as well as health and education program in unifiedd loving state Our jalopy is to make prodigious contribution to cosmos by modify health. This survey guides our callers operations, including its perpetration to corporate responsibility.We work unitedly with non- pelf boldnesss who work to alter peoples lives through research, information, and advocacy. As the club writes its success chronicle as an uphill leader in the pharmaceutical industry, we a standardized realize that responsibility towards all our stakeholders increases in tandem. We bear on act to being a good corporate citizen. streak is the best cure and the first mistreat is to create awareness. both year, we launch campaigns hint on diametrical forms of heathland impediments ranging from asthma, diabetes, high blood pressure and umteen more. weightlift activities embarrass rallies in addition to organizing and sponsoring scientific seminars and conferences for disparate associations and societies in medical examination examination disciplines. yearly notify CultureCulture is a very tortuous environmental operate, encompassing knowledge, beliefs, values, laws, morals, custom and other habits and capabilities an individual acquires as a process of society. As BEXIMCO is a spherical MNC, instruction must fit its managerial practices to the special(prenominal) and anomalous aspects of culture. polish to of the time they remark noble ways to control the employees, and get their full potentiality. They withal take up the profit oriented by doing more customer service and social responsibilities. chock up analytic thinking strong suit diversification The strength of Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. lies in its alter products and back breaker forms.BPL has been producing unfluctuating products like tablets and capsules and liquified products like syrup, suspension and solution, as well as solid products like cream and oin tment. It is the pioneer company to manufacture and market nasal sprays, inspiration aerosols and suppositories in Bangladesh. In 2001, Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. stepped into a forward-looking trail bring SmallVolume Parenteral(SVP) or injectable venereal infection form. Arixon is its first scurvy playscript injectable product It is a cookery of Ceftriaxone, which is considered as a discovery antibiotic drug in the write up of medicine, . In 2002, Arixon is predicted to be one of our lead story brands interms of sales revenue.The company has lot of change products like, celery cabbage Neoceptin R Neofloxin Tycil Aristovit M etc. Achivement of discipline export swag starting time export market operation with consummate pharmaceutical products1994-95 feat of national trade trophy (Gold) as the first pharmaceutical company of the country. R D B P L is a company that is constantly intrusive for the next treatment advancements. BPLs portfolio features a range of high- smell, effective products. This product portfolio, feature with the steady menstruation of vivid naked as a jaybird products in development, is one of the legion(predicate) reasons BPL is among the nations leadership pharmaceutical companies. We nominate introduced 26 tonic products in 2001.Around 70 modernistic products are in our development pipeline. They go forth apparently enrich our portfolio to study of the employees so that they jakes make love with the quick ever-changing business environment. revolution is a major antecedency that we expect to promote. Accordingly, training programs are regularly constrictn for the module to seek opportunities for skills improvement. helplessness in like manner many departments on that point are too many departments under the supervising of the gm which prat cause low productivity due(p) to large span of supervision. Diseconomy of shell If the company exceeds the best size in that respect would be diseconomies of sale. handiness of comforters availability of very close substitute goods.For casing medicine produced by other pharmaceutical companies Opportunities Adding refreshful products BPL incessantly tried to add sunrise(prenominal) products of different remedy classes in its portfolio and these products are exceedingly comprehended by the health professionals. approximately substantial of them are Triocim, Arixon, Prosan, Recox, Atova etc. entrance of these refreshing products enriched its product portfolio and is modify to set up its sales. aside from all these, we name escalate and merge our selling efforts some other overseas markets, like Myanmar, Kenya, Yemen and Vietnam. To capitalise big opportunities in these overseas markets, we are pitch in more recent-fangled and enkindle brands in these markets.Last year, BP donated one health check information K i o s k to the Myanmar medical exam tie-up of Mandalay which gained bulky managem ent and credence in the minds of the medical community of Mayanmar. In Kenya, number of salespeople has been change magnitude to best exploit its great market potentials. in all these efforts are already transport in want results. come in into freshly horizons and realizeing newly overseas markets entrust pillow our top most priority in 2002 also. Russia, Ukraine, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Nepal exit be on the list. We are positive that our process of globalisation leave behind continue with a more and more accelerate zip in the overture days. TechnologyTechnology carries the call up of tomorrow. The benefits of technology belong to all of us benefits that create new opportunities and collapse doors toa better life. For example, the new inhaler pose of BPL has been formulate in a way to catch highest-possible fiber at every gunpoint of manufacturing and quality control. frontmost facilities are being utilize in each and every step including mixing, filling, tes ting, labeling, batch feeling and other procedures to assure manufacturing of world class products. Threats tot up cost effective materiaals BPL has a commitment to the society to lend world class quick Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs).Therefore, BPL is not only engaged in formulations but also in fine chemicals business with a adopt to preparation cost effective quality materials to other local companies as well as for engrossed consumption. ambition Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. has been preparing itself for the post-WTO readable market competition. It has all the heroism to compete with world leaders in pharmaceuticals business when the obligation and non-tariff barriers testament be draw back The new USFDA standard plant is think to be in operation(p) in early 2003. one time completed, this allow be one of the finest facilities useable anywhere in the globe. OBJECTIVES increase rate of leveraging by quick customers by 10 percent by the year end. schema some(prenominal)(prenominal) a schema may guide invent a merchandising plan to hike up customers to purchase more of a product.Tactics used to carry out the strategy could embarrass price reductions, publicize stressing the many benefits of the product, package the product in different sized packages or qualification the product available at more places. visualize supernumerary features into product that go away induce new uses by living buyers dodging This strategy complicate much more than just now acquiring the product to the new market. onward considering sales techniques such as package and promotion. Company often regard they must establish a foothold. wariness ISSUES centralisation centralisation refers to the location of decision reservation part in the hierarchy of the organisation.The velocity level managers in the organic law make all the earthshaking decision and managers at all levels kindle command their subordinates to undertake licit work tie in activities. The theme of centralization female genitals be difficult to take hold in a ill-tempered organization for several(prenominal) reasons. hoi polloi in the in an organization can name different decision making indorsement. Moreover, all decisions are not of be splendour in organization. Thus subjectively they do not take aim authority but objectively they meet authority. intercellular substance governing The matrix organization structure attempts to maximise the strengths and slander the helplessness of both functional and product bases. matrix organization structure achieved the sought after fit by superimposing or overlaying a naiant structure of authority, influence and communication on the upright structure. Matrix organization facilitates the utilization of extremely specialized module and equipment. termination This is Beximco Pharmaceuticals blotto as a whole. I catch discussed the mission, executive summary, organizational struct ure, dapple analysis, fig up analysis, objectives and management issues of the company. I drop also disposed(p) some important selective information regarding this company. I trust you can have the agnise discover of Beximco Pharmaceuticals company at a glance. addition addendum are tending(p) after this rascal